Conservative historian Karol Nawrocki has narrowly won Poland’s 2025 presidential election, defeating liberal Warsaw Mayor Rafał Trzaskowski with 50.89% of the vote to Trzaskowski’s 49.11% . This closely contested result underscores the deep political polarization in Poland and signals potential challenges ahead for the pro-European Union government led by Prime Minister Donald Tusk.
Nawrocki, backed by the right-wing Law and Justice (PiS) party, is set to assume office on August 6, succeeding outgoing President Andrzej Duda . A political newcomer, Nawrocki is known for his nationalist stance, emphasis on traditional Catholic values, and skepticism toward EU influence. His campaign resonated with voters concerned about national sovereignty and cultural identity.
The president-elect’s alignment with US President Donald Trump and other right-wing European leaders, such as Hungary’s Viktor Orbán, suggests a potential shift in Poland’s foreign policy priorities. While Nawrocki supports Ukraine’s defense against Russian aggression, he opposes Ukraine’s NATO membership and has expressed reservations about continued EU integration.
Domestically, Nawrocki’s presidency is expected to challenge Prime Minister Tusk’s reform agenda. With veto power over legislation, Nawrocki could obstruct initiatives related to judicial reforms, abortion laws, and other liberal policies . This dynamic may lead to legislative gridlock and heightened political tensions in the coming months.
The election saw a record voter turnout of 71.31% in the second round, reflecting high public engagement amid a deeply divided electorate. As Nawrocki prepares to take office, both domestic and international observers will be closely monitoring how his presidency influences Poland’s political landscape and its relations with the European Union.
