In recent years, Georgia has witnessed a perplexing trend: despite the implementation of stringent anti-tobacco laws, the percentage of daily smokers has surged to nearly 35%, an 11% increase since 2021. This phenomenon raises critical questions about the interplay between cultural norms, societal behaviors, and public health policies.
Historically, smoking in Georgia has been more than a mere habit; it’s a deeply ingrained cultural practice. In many social settings, offering a cigarette is a gesture of hospitality and camaraderie. This cultural acceptance creates a formidable barrier to anti-smoking campaigns. As observed in other countries with strong smoking traditions, such as Greece and Turkey, cultural factors can significantly undermine public health initiatives.
Urbanization and Gender Dynamics
Data from the Institute of Social Research and Analysis indicates that daily smokers are predominantly urban dwellers and men. The bustling urban lifestyle, coupled with stress and social pressures, often leads to higher smoking rates. Moreover, traditional gender roles in Georgian society may contribute to the higher prevalence among men, as smoking is sometimes perceived as a masculine activity.
The rise of alternative tobacco products, such as IQOS and electronic cigarettes, has found a substantial market among Georgian youth. This mirrors global trends, where younger populations are drawn to these products due to perceptions of reduced harm and modern appeal. However, studies have shown that these alternatives can serve as gateways to traditional smoking, complicating efforts to reduce overall tobacco use.
Public Sentiment vs. Personal Practice
Interestingly, while smoking rates have increased, public sentiment towards the tobacco industry remains largely negative. A significant 80% of respondents support raising the minimum age for purchasing cigarettes to 21, and 73% advocate for a complete ban on tobacco sales to individuals born after 2010. This dichotomy between personal habits and public opinion suggests a societal recognition of the harms of smoking, yet an inability or unwillingness to curb personal use.
Globally, countries like Australia and New Zealand have implemented aggressive anti-tobacco measures, including plain packaging and substantial taxes, resulting in notable declines in smoking rates. However, these measures are most effective when complemented by cultural shifts and robust support systems for cessation. Georgia’s experience underscores the necessity of aligning policy with cultural change to achieve meaningful public health outcomes.
The Path Forward
Addressing the smoking paradox in Georgia requires a multifaceted approach. Initiatives that challenge the social acceptability of smoking and promote healthier norms are essential. Educational campaigns and interventions designed to deter youth from initiating smoking, especially with alternative products, are crucial. Accessible and effective resources to assist individuals in quitting smoking can bridge the gap between negative public sentiment and personal behavior. So, while legislative measures are vital, they must be part of a broader strategy that considers cultural, social, and psychological factors to effectively combat the rise in smoking rates in Georgia.
By Ivan Nechaev
